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<H1>GNU Readline Library</H1></P><P>

This document describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline Library,
a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete
programs which provide a command line interface.
The Readline home page is <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/readline/">http://www.gnu.org/software/readline/</A>.
</P><P>

<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> 
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">1. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">GNU Readline User's Manual.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23">A. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">License for copying this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>

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<A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A>
<H1> 1. Command Line Editing </H1>
<!--docid::SEC1::-->
<P>

This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU
command line editing interface.
</P><P>

<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> 
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2">1.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3">1.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">1.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13">1.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands
				available for binding</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22">1.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline
				behave like the vi editor.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>

<A NAME="Introduction and Notation"></A>
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<H2> 1.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2>
<!--docid::SEC2::-->
<P>

The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
keystrokes.
</P><P>

The text <KBD>C-k</KBD> is read as `Control-K' and describes the character
produced when the <KBD>k</KBD> key is pressed while the Control key
is depressed.
</P><P>

The text <KBD>M-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <KBD>k</KBD>
key is pressed.
The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> on many keyboards.
On keyboards with two keys labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> (usually to either side of
the space bar), the <KBD>ALT</KBD> on the left side is generally set to
work as a Meta key.
The <KBD>ALT</KBD> key on the right may also be configured to work as a
Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a
Compose key for typing accented characters.
</P><P>

If you do not have a Meta or <KBD>ALT</KBD> key, or another key working as
a Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <KBD>ESC</KBD>
<EM>first</EM>, and then typing <KBD>k</KBD>.
Either process is known as <EM>metafying</EM> the <KBD>k</KBD> key.
</P><P>

The text <KBD>M-C-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the
character produced by <EM>metafying</EM> <KBD>C-k</KBD>.
</P><P>

In addition, several keys have their own names.  Specifically,
<KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all
stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file
(see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">1.3 Readline Init File</A>).
If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will
produce the desired character.
The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on
some keyboards.
</P><P>

<A NAME="Readline Interaction"></A>
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<H2> 1.2 Readline Interaction </H2>
<!--docid::SEC3::-->
<P>

Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text,
only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled.  The
Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text
as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing
you to retype the majority of the line.  Using these editing commands,
you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or
insert the text of the corrections.  Then, when you are satisfied with
the line, you simply press <KBD>RET</KBD>.  You do not have to be at the
end of the line to press <KBD>RET</KBD>; the entire line is accepted
regardless of the location of the cursor within the line.
</P><P>

<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> 
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4">1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5">1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6">1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7">1.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>

<A NAME="Readline Bare Essentials"></A>
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<H3> 1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3>
<!--docid::SEC4::-->
<P>

In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them.  The typed
character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one
space to the right.  If you mistype a character, you can use your
erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character.
</P><P>

Sometimes you may mistype a character, and
not notice the error until you have typed several other characters.  In
that case, you can type <KBD>C-b</KBD> to move the cursor to the left, and then
correct your mistake.  Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right
with <KBD>C-f</KBD>.
</P><P>

When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters
to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text
that you have inserted.  Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor,
characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the
blank space created by the removal of the text.  A list of the bare
essentials for editing the text of an input line follows.
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-b</KBD>
<DD>Move back one character.
<DT><KBD>C-f</KBD>
<DD>Move forward one character.
<DT><KBD>DEL</KBD> or <KBD>Backspace</KBD>
<DD>Delete the character to the left of the cursor.
<DT><KBD>C-d</KBD>
<DD>Delete the character underneath the cursor.
<DT>Printing characters
<DD>Insert the character into the line at the cursor.
<DT><KBD>C-_</KBD> or <KBD>C-x C-u</KBD>
<DD>Undo the last editing command.  You can undo all the way back to an
empty line.
</DL>
<P>

(Depending on your configuration, the <KBD>Backspace</KBD> key be set to
delete the character to the left of the cursor and the <KBD>DEL</KBD> key set
to delete the character underneath the cursor, like <KBD>C-d</KBD>, rather
than the character to the left of the cursor.)
</P><P>

<A NAME="Readline Movement Commands"></A>
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<H3> 1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3>
<!--docid::SEC5::-->
<P>

The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need
in order to do editing of the input line.  For your convenience, many
other commands have been added in addition to <KBD>C-b</KBD>, <KBD>C-f</KBD>,
<KBD>C-d</KBD>, and <KBD>DEL</KBD>.  Here are some commands for moving more rapidly
about the line.
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-a</KBD>
<DD>Move to the start of the line.
<DT><KBD>C-e</KBD>
<DD>Move to the end of the line.
<DT><KBD>M-f</KBD>
<DD>Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and digits.
<DT><KBD>M-b</KBD>
<DD>Move backward a word.
<DT><KBD>C-l</KBD>
<DD>Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top.
</DL>
<P>

Notice how <KBD>C-f</KBD> moves forward a character, while <KBD>M-f</KBD> moves
forward a word.  It is a loose convention that control keystrokes
operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words.
</P><P>

<A NAME="Readline Killing Commands"></A>
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<H3> 1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3>
<!--docid::SEC6::-->
<P>

<A NAME="IDX1"></A>
<A NAME="IDX2"></A>
</P><P>

<EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save
it away for later use, usually by <EM>yanking</EM> (re-inserting)
it back into the line.
(`Cut' and `paste' are more recent jargon for `kill' and `yank'.)
</P><P>

If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can
be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same)
place later.
</P><P>

When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a <EM>kill-ring</EM>.
Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so
that when you yank it back, you get it all.  The kill
ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously
typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing
another line.
<A NAME="IDX3"></A>
</P><P>

Here is the list of commands for killing text.
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-k</KBD>
<DD>Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line.
<P>

<DT><KBD>M-d</KBD>
<DD>Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-f</KBD>.
<P>

<DT><KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD>
<DD>Kill from the cursor the start of the current word, or, if between
words, to the start of the previous word.
Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-b</KBD>.
<P>

<DT><KBD>C-w</KBD>
<DD>Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace.  This is different than
<KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> because the word boundaries differ.
<P>

</DL>
<P>

Here is how to <EM>yank</EM> the text back into the line.  Yanking
means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer.
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-y</KBD>
<DD>Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor.
<P>

<DT><KBD>M-y</KBD>
<DD>Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top.  You can only do this if
the prior command is <KBD>C-y</KBD> or <KBD>M-y</KBD>.
</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A>
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<H3> 1.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3>
<!--docid::SEC7::-->
<P>

You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands.  Sometimes the
argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the <I>sign</I> of the
argument that is significant.  If you pass a negative argument to a
command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will
act in a backward direction.  For example, to kill text back to the
start of the line, you might type <SAMP>`M-- C-k'</SAMP>.
</P><P>

The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta
digits before the command.  If the first `digit' typed is a minus
sign (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>), then the sign of the argument will be negative.  Once
you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type
the remainder of the digits, and then the command.  For example, to give
the <KBD>C-d</KBD> command an argument of 10, you could type <SAMP>`M-1 0 C-d'</SAMP>,
which will delete the next ten characters on the input line.
</P><P>

<A NAME="Searching"></A>
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<H3> 1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3>
<!--docid::SEC8::-->
<P>

Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
for lines containing a specified string.
There are two search modes:  <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>.
</P><P>

Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
search string.
As each character of the search string is typed, Readline displays
the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
find the desired history entry.
To search backward in the history for a particular string, type
<KBD>C-r</KBD>.  Typing <KBD>C-s</KBD> searches forward through the history.
The characters present in the value of the <CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> variable
are used to terminate an incremental search.
If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
<KBD>C-J</KBD> characters will terminate an incremental search.
<KBD>C-g</KBD> will abort an incremental search and restore the original line.
When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
</P><P>

To find other matching entries in the history list, type <KBD>C-r</KBD> or
<KBD>C-s</KBD> as appropriate.
This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
entry matching the search string typed so far.
Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate
the search and execute that command.
For instance, a <KBD>RET</KBD> will terminate the search and accept
the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found
the current line, and begin editing.
</P><P>

Readline remembers the last incremental search string.  If two
<KBD>C-r</KBD>s are typed without any intervening characters defining a new
search string, any remembered search string is used.
</P><P>

Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history lines.  The search string may be
typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
</P><P>

<A NAME="Readline Init File"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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<H2> 1.3 Readline Init File </H2>
<!--docid::SEC9::-->
<P>

Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like
keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set
of keybindings.
Any user can customize programs that use Readline by putting
commands in an <EM>inputrc</EM> file, conventionally in his home directory.
The name of this
file is taken from the value of the environment variable <CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>.  If
that variable is unset, the default is <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>.  If that
file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate default is
<TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>.
</P><P>

When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the
init file is read, and the key bindings are set.
</P><P>

In addition, the <CODE>C-x C-r</CODE> command re-reads this init file, thus
incorporating any changes that you might have made to it.
</P><P>

<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> 
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10">1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12">1.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>

<A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A>
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<H3> 1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3>
<!--docid::SEC10::-->
<P>

There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
Readline init file.  Blank lines are ignored.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional
constructs (see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>).  Other lines
denote variable settings and key bindings.
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT>Variable Settings
<DD>You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by
altering the values of variables in Readline
using the <CODE>set</CODE> command within the init file.
The syntax is simple:
<P>

<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>set <VAR>variable</VAR> <VAR>value</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

Here, for example, is how to
change from the default Emacs-like key binding to use
<CODE>vi</CODE> line editing commands:
</P><P>

<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>set editing-mode vi
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

Variable names and values, where appropriate, are recognized without regard
to case.  Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
</P><P>

Boolean variables (those that can be set to on or off) are set to on if
the value is null or empty, <VAR>on</VAR> (case-insensitive), or 1.  Any other
value results in the variable being set to off.
</P><P>

A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following
variables.
</P><P>

<A NAME="IDX4"></A>
<DL COMPACT>

<DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX5"></A>
Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell.  If set to
<SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
If set to <SAMP>`audible'</SAMP> (the default), Readline attempts to ring
the terminal's bell.
<P>

<DT><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX6"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> (the default), Readline attempts to bind the control
characters   treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their
Readline equivalents.
<P>

<DT><CODE>blink-matching-paren</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX7"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.  The default
is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>colored-completion-prefix</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX8"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, when listing completions, Readline displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a different color.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the <CODE>LS_COLORS</CODE>
environment variable.
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>colored-stats</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX9"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline displays possible completions using different
colors to indicate their file type.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the <CODE>LS_COLORS</CODE>
environment variable.
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX10"></A>
The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
<CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed.  The default value
is <CODE>"#"</CODE>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX11"></A>
The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
when performing completion.
The value is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal
screen width.
A value of 0 will cause matches to be displayed one per line.
The default value is -1.
<P>

<DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX12"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX13"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, and <VAR>completion-ignore-case</VAR> is enabled, Readline
treats hyphens (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>) and underscores (<SAMP>`_'</SAMP>) as equivalent when
performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX14"></A>
The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification.  When set to a
value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
<P>

<DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX15"></A>
The number of possible completions that determines when the user is
asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed.
If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to this value,
Readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them;
otherwise, they are simply listed.
This variable must be set to an integer value greater than or equal to 0.
A negative value means Readline should never ask.
The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX16"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the
eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth
bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a
meta-prefixed key sequence.  The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, but
will be set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> if the locale is one that contains
eight-bit characters.
<P>

<DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX17"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion.
Completion  characters will be inserted into the line as if they had
been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>echo-control-characters</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX18"></A>
When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, on operating systems that indicate they support it,
readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the
keyboard.  The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX19"></A>
The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of
key bindings is used.  By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing
mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs.  This variable can be
set to either <SAMP>`emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`vi'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>emacs-mode-string</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX20"></A>
If the <VAR>show-mode-in-prompt</VAR> variable is enabled,
this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary
prompt when emacs editing mode is active.  The value is expanded like a
key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes and
backslash escape sequences is available.
Use the <SAMP>`\1'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`\2'</SAMP> escapes to begin and end sequences of
non-printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control
sequence into the mode string.
The default is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>enable-bracketed-paste</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX21"></A>
When set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will configure the terminal in a way
that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a
single string of characters, instead of treating each character as if
it had been read from the keyboard.  This can prevent pasted characters
from being interpreted as editing commands.  The default is <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX22"></A>
When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application
keypad when it is called.  Some systems need this to enable the
arrow keys.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>enable-meta-key</CODE>
<DD>When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable any meta modifier
key the terminal claims to support when it is called.  On many terminals,
the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX23"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline
attempts word completion.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX24"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place the point (the
current cursor position) at the
same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE>
or <CODE>next-history</CODE>.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>history-size</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX25"></A>
Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list.
If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries
are saved.
If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
limited.
By default, the number of history entries is not limited.
If an attempt is made to set <VAR>history-size</VAR> to a non-numeric value,
the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.
<P>

<DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX26"></A>
This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.  Setting it
to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll
horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width
of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line.
This variable is automatically set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> for terminals of height 1.
By default, this variable is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX27"></A>
<A NAME="IDX28"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it
will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support.  The
default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>, but Readline will set it to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> if the 
locale contains eight-bit characters.
The name <CODE>meta-flag</CODE> is a synonym for this variable.
<P>

<DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX29"></A>
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without
subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
<KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search.
<P>

<DT><CODE>keymap</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX30"></A>
Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands.
Built-in <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are
<CODE>emacs</CODE>,
<CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>,
<CODE>emacs-meta</CODE>,
<CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE>,
<CODE>vi</CODE>,
<CODE>vi-move</CODE>,
<CODE>vi-command</CODE>, and
<CODE>vi-insert</CODE>.
<CODE>vi</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>vi-command</CODE> (<CODE>vi-move</CODE> is also a
synonym); <CODE>emacs</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>.
Applications may add additional names.
The default value is <CODE>emacs</CODE>.
The value of the <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable also affects the
default keymap.
<P>

<DT><CODE>keyseq-timeout</CODE>
<DD>Specifies the duration Readline will wait for a character when reading an
ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using
the input read so far, or can take additional input to complete a longer
key sequence).
If no input is received within the timeout, Readline will use the shorter
but complete key sequence.
Readline uses this value to determine whether or not input is
available on the current input source (<CODE>rl_instream</CODE> by default).
The value is specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that
Readline will wait one second for additional input.
If this variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a
non-numeric value, Readline will wait until another key is pressed to
decide which key sequence to complete.
The default value is <CODE>500</CODE>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>mark-directories</CODE>
<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed directory names have a slash
appended.  The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX31"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an
asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified.
This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default.
<P>

<DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX32"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links
to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
<CODE>mark-directories</CODE>).
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX33"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose
names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename
completion.
If set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>, the leading <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> must be
supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
<P>

<DT><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX34"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through
the list.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX35"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the
eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
sequence.
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>, but Readline will set it to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> if the
locale contains eight-bit characters.
<P>

<DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX36"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager
to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
<P>

<DT><CODE>print-completions-horizontally</CODE>
<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display completions with matches
sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX37"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when <CODE>accept-line</CODE> is executed.  By default,
history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
calls to <CODE>readline</CODE>.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX38"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.  If
set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, 
words which have more than one possible completion cause the
matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX39"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>.
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, 
words which have more than one possible completion without any
possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share
a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead
of ringing the bell.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>show-mode-in-prompt</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX40"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, add a string to the beginning of the prompt
indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., <VAR>emacs-mode-string</VAR>).
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX41"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line.  It's only active when
performing completion in the middle of a word.  If enabled, readline
does not insert characters from the completion that match characters
after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word
following the cursor are not duplicated.
For instance, if this is enabled, attempting completion when the cursor
is after the <SAMP>`e'</SAMP> in <SAMP>`Makefile'</SAMP> will result in <SAMP>`Makefile'</SAMP>
rather than <SAMP>`Makefilefile'</SAMP>, assuming there is a single possible
completion.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>vi-cmd-mode-string</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX42"></A>
If the <VAR>show-mode-in-prompt</VAR> variable is enabled,
this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary
prompt when vi editing mode is active and in command mode.
The value is expanded like a
key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes and
backslash escape sequences is available.
Use the <SAMP>`\1'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`\2'</SAMP> escapes to begin and end sequences of
non-printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control
sequence into the mode string.
The default is <SAMP>`(cmd)'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>vi-ins-mode-string</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX43"></A>
If the <VAR>show-mode-in-prompt</VAR> variable is enabled,
this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary
prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode.
The value is expanded like a
key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes and
backslash escape sequences is available.
Use the <SAMP>`\1'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`\2'</SAMP> escapes to begin and end sequences of
non-printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control
sequence into the mode string.
The default is <SAMP>`(ins)'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX44"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type
is appended to the filename when listing possible
completions.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

</DL>
<P>

<DT>Key Bindings
<DD>The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is
simple.  First you need to find the name of the command that you
want to change.  The following sections contain tables of the command
name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short description of what
the command does.
<P>

Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line
in the init file the name of the key
you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the
command.
There can be no space between the key name and the colon -- that will be
interpreted as part of the key name.
The name of the key can be expressed in different ways, depending on
what you find most comfortable.
</P><P>

In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <VAR>macro</VAR>).
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><VAR>keyname</VAR>: <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR>
<DD><VAR>keyname</VAR> is the name of a key spelled out in English.  For example:
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>Control-u: universal-argument
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "&#62; output"
</pre></td></tr></table><P>

In the example above, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is bound to the function
<CODE>universal-argument</CODE>,
<KBD>M-DEL</KBD> is bound to the function <CODE>backward-kill-word</CODE>, and
<KBD>C-o</KBD> is bound to run the macro
expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text
<SAMP>`&#62; output'</SAMP> into the line).
</P><P>

A number of symbolic character names are recognized while
processing this key binding syntax:
<VAR>DEL</VAR>,
<VAR>ESC</VAR>,
<VAR>ESCAPE</VAR>,
<VAR>LFD</VAR>,
<VAR>NEWLINE</VAR>,
<VAR>RET</VAR>,
<VAR>RETURN</VAR>,
<VAR>RUBOUT</VAR>,
<VAR>SPACE</VAR>,
<VAR>SPC</VAR>,
and
<VAR>TAB</VAR>.
</P><P>

<DT>"<VAR>keyseq</VAR>": <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR>
<DD><VAR>keyseq</VAR> differs from <VAR>keyname</VAR> above in that strings
denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing
the key sequence in double quotes.  Some GNU Emacs style key
escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the
special character names are not recognized.
<P>

<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>"\C-u": universal-argument
"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is again bound to the function
<CODE>universal-argument</CODE> (just as it was in the first example),
<SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> <KBD>C-r</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to the function <CODE>re-read-init-file</CODE>,
and <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> <KBD>[</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>~</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to insert
the text <SAMP>`Function Key 1'</SAMP>.
</P><P>

</DL>
<P>

The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when
specifying key sequences:
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE><KBD>\C-</KBD></CODE>
<DD>control prefix
<DT><CODE><KBD>\M-</KBD></CODE>
<DD>meta prefix
<DT><CODE><KBD>\e</KBD></CODE>
<DD>an escape character
<DT><CODE><KBD>\\</KBD></CODE>
<DD>backslash
<DT><CODE><KBD>\"</KBD></CODE>
<DD><KBD>"</KBD>, a double quotation mark
<DT><CODE><KBD>\'</KBD></CODE>
<DD><KBD>'</KBD>, a single quote or apostrophe
</DL>
<P>

In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second
set of backslash escapes is available:
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>\a</CODE>
<DD>alert (bell)
<DT><CODE>\b</CODE>
<DD>backspace
<DT><CODE>\d</CODE>
<DD>delete
<DT><CODE>\f</CODE>
<DD>form feed
<DT><CODE>\n</CODE>
<DD>newline
<DT><CODE>\r</CODE>
<DD>carriage return
<DT><CODE>\t</CODE>
<DD>horizontal tab
<DT><CODE>\v</CODE>
<DD>vertical tab
<DT><CODE>\<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE>
<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR>
(one to three digits)
<DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE>
<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR>
(one or two hex digits)
</DL>
<P>

When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
be used to indicate a macro definition.
Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded.
Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
including <SAMP>`"'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`''</SAMP>.
For example, the following binding will make <SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> \'</SAMP>
insert a single <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> into the line:
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>"\C-x\\": "\\"
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Conditional Init Constructs"></A>
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<H3> 1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3>
<!--docid::SEC11::-->
<P>

Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
of tests.  There are four parser directives used.
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>$if</CODE>
<DD>The <CODE>$if</CODE> construct allows bindings to be made based on the
editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
Readline.  The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
extends to the end of the line;
unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.
<P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>mode</CODE>
<DD>The <CODE>mode=</CODE> form of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive is used to test
whether Readline is in <CODE>emacs</CODE> or <CODE>vi</CODE> mode.
This may be used in conjunction
with the <SAMP>`set keymap'</SAMP> command, for instance, to set bindings in
the <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE> and <CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE> keymaps only if
Readline is starting out in <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode.
<P>

<DT><CODE>term</CODE>
<DD>The <CODE>term=</CODE> form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the
terminal's function keys.  The word on the right side of the
<SAMP>`='</SAMP> is tested against both the full name of the terminal and
the portion of the terminal name before the first <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>.  This
allows <CODE>sun</CODE> to match both <CODE>sun</CODE> and <CODE>sun-cmd</CODE>,
for instance.
<P>

<DT><CODE>version</CODE>
<DD>The <CODE>version</CODE> test may be used to perform comparisons against
specific Readline versions.
The <CODE>version</CODE> expands to the current Readline version.
The set of comparison operators includes
<SAMP>`='</SAMP> (and <SAMP>`=='</SAMP>), <SAMP>`!='</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&#60;='</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&#62;='</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&#60;'</SAMP>,
and <SAMP>`&#62;'</SAMP>.
The version number supplied on the right side of the operator consists
of a major version number, an optional decimal point, and an optional
minor version (e.g., <SAMP>`7.1'</SAMP>). If the minor version is omitted, it
is assumed to be <SAMP>`0'</SAMP>.
The operator may be separated from the string <CODE>version</CODE> and
from the version number argument by whitespace.
The following example sets a variable if the Readline version being used
is 7.0 or newer:
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>$if version &#62;= 7.0
set show-mode-in-prompt on
$endif
</pre></td></tr></table><P>

<DT><CODE>application</CODE>
<DD>The <VAR>application</VAR> construct is used to include
application-specific settings.  Each program using the Readline
library sets the <VAR>application name</VAR>, and you can test for
a particular value. 
This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
a specific program.  For instance, the following command adds a
key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash:
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>$if Bash
# Quote the current or previous word
"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
$endif
</pre></td></tr></table><P>

<DT><CODE>variable</CODE>
<DD>The <VAR>variable</VAR> construct provides simple equality tests for Readline
variables and values.
The permitted comparison operators are <SAMP>`='</SAMP>, <SAMP>`=='</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`!='</SAMP>.
The variable name must be separated from the comparison operator by
whitespace; the operator may be separated from the value on the right hand
side by whitespace.
Both string and boolean variables may be tested. Boolean variables must be
tested against the values <VAR>on</VAR> and <VAR>off</VAR>.
The following example is equivalent to the <CODE>mode=emacs</CODE> test described
above:
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>$if editing-mode == emacs
set show-mode-in-prompt on
$endif
</pre></td></tr></table></DL>
<P>

<DT><CODE>$endif</CODE>
<DD>This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an
<CODE>$if</CODE> command.
<P>

<DT><CODE>$else</CODE>
<DD>Commands in this branch of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive are executed if
the test fails.
<P>

<DT><CODE>$include</CODE>
<DD>This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands
and bindings from that file.
For example, the following directive reads from <TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>:
<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>$include /etc/inputrc
</pre></td></tr></table></DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Sample Init File"></A>
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<H3> 1.3.3 Sample Init File </H3>
<!--docid::SEC12::-->
<P>

Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.  This illustrates key
binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
</P><P>

<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre># This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
# programs that use the GNU Readline library.  Existing
# programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
#
# You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r.
# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
#
# First, include any system-wide bindings and variable
# assignments from /etc/Inputrc
$include /etc/Inputrc

#
# Set various bindings for emacs mode.

set editing-mode emacs 

$if mode=emacs

Meta-Control-h:	backward-kill-word	Text after the function name is ignored

#
# Arrow keys in keypad mode
#
#"\M-OD":        backward-char
#"\M-OC":        forward-char
#"\M-OA":        previous-history
#"\M-OB":        next-history
#
# Arrow keys in ANSI mode
#
"\M-[D":        backward-char
"\M-[C":        forward-char
"\M-[A":        previous-history
"\M-[B":        next-history
#
# Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode
#
#"\M-\C-OD":       backward-char
#"\M-\C-OC":       forward-char
#"\M-\C-OA":       previous-history
#"\M-\C-OB":       next-history
#
# Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode
#
#"\M-\C-[D":       backward-char
#"\M-\C-[C":       forward-char
#"\M-\C-[A":       previous-history
#"\M-\C-[B":       next-history

C-q: quoted-insert

$endif

# An old-style binding.  This happens to be the default.
TAB: complete

# Macros that are convenient for shell interaction
$if Bash
# edit the path
"\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f"
# prepare to type a quoted word --
# insert open and close double quotes
# and move to just after the open quote
"\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b"
# insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes
# in sequences and macros)
"\C-x\\": "\\"
# Quote the current or previous word
"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
# Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound
"\C-xr": redraw-current-line
# Edit variable on current line.
"\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y="
$endif

# use a visible bell if one is available
set bell-style visible

# don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading
set input-meta on

# allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather
# than converted to prefix-meta sequences
set convert-meta off

# display characters with the eighth bit set directly
# rather than as meta-prefixed characters
set output-meta on

# if there are 150 or more possible completions for a word,
# ask whether or not the user wants to see all of them
set completion-query-items 150

# For FTP
$if Ftp
"\C-xg": "get \M-?"
"\C-xt": "put \M-?"
"\M-.": yank-last-arg
$endif
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

<A NAME="Bindable Readline Commands"></A>
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<H2> 1.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2>
<!--docid::SEC13::-->
<P>

<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> 
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14">1.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15">1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16">1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17">1.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18">1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19">1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20">1.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21">1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>

This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key
sequences.
Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
</P><P>

In the following descriptions, <EM>point</EM> refers to the current cursor
position, and <EM>mark</EM> refers to a cursor position saved by the
<CODE>set-mark</CODE> command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>.
</P><P>

<A NAME="Commands For Moving"></A>
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<H3> 1.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3>
<!--docid::SEC14::-->
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX45"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX46"></A>
Move to the start of the current line.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX47"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX48"></A>
Move to the end of the line.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX49"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX50"></A>
Move forward a character.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX51"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX52"></A>
Move back a character.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX53"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX54"></A>
Move forward to the end of the next word.
Words are composed of letters and digits.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX55"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX56"></A>
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Words are composed of letters and digits.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX57"></A>
<DT><CODE>previous-screen-line ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX58"></A>
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the previous
physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current
Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not
greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX59"></A>
<DT><CODE>next-screen-line ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX60"></A>
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next
physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current
Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length
of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt
plus the screen width.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX61"></A>
<DT><CODE>clear-display (M-C-l)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX62"></A>
Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback buffer,
then redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX63"></A>
<DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX64"></A>
Clear the screen,
then redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX65"></A>
<DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX66"></A>
Refresh the current line.  By default, this is unbound.
<P>

</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Commands For History"></A>
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<H3> 1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3>
<!--docid::SEC15::-->
<P>

<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX67"></A>
<DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX68"></A>
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is.
If this line is
non-empty, it may be added to the history list for future recall with
<CODE>add_history()</CODE>.
If this line is a modified history line, the history line is restored
to its original state.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX69"></A>
<DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX70"></A>
Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX71"></A>
<DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX72"></A>
Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX73"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX74"></A>
Move to the first line in the history.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX75"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX76"></A>
Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX77"></A>
<DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX78"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
the history as necessary.  This is an incremental search.
This command sets the region to the matched text and activates the mark.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX79"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX80"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
the history as necessary.  This is an incremental search.
This command sets the region to the matched text and activates the mark.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX81"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX82"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX83"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX84"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX85"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX86"></A>
Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
The search string must match at the beginning of a history line.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX87"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX88"></A>
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
The search string must match at the beginning of a history line.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX89"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-substring-search-forward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX90"></A>
Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX91"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-substring-search-backward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX92"></A>
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX93"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX94"></A>
Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
the second word on the previous line) at point.
With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>,
insert the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the previous command (the words
in the previous command begin with word 0).  A negative argument
inserts the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the end of the previous command.
Once the argument <VAR>n</VAR> is computed, the argument is extracted
as if the <SAMP>`!<VAR>n</VAR>'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX95"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX96"></A>
Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
previous history entry).
With a numeric argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>.
Successive calls to <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE> move back through the history
list, inserting the last word (or the word specified by the argument to
the first call) of each line in turn.
Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls determines
the direction to move through the history.  A negative argument switches
the direction through the history (back or forward).
The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument,
as if the <SAMP>`!$'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX97"></A>
<DT><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX98"></A>
Accept the current line for return to the calling application as if a
newline had been entered,
and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history
for editing.
A numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to use instead
of the current line.
<P>

</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Commands For Text"></A>
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<H3> 1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3>
<!--docid::SEC16::-->
<P>

<DL COMPACT>

<A NAME="IDX99"></A>
<DT><CODE><I>end-of-file</I> (usually C-d)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX100"></A>
The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
<CODE>stty</CODE>.  If this character is read when there are no characters
on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, Readline
interprets it as the end of input and returns EOF.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX101"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX102"></A>
Delete the character at point.  If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty EOF character, as <KBD>C-d</KBD>
commonly is, see above for the effects.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX103"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A>
Delete the character behind the cursor.  A numeric argument means
to kill the characters instead of deleting them.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX105"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX106"></A>
Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
deleted.  By default, this is not bound to a key.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX107"></A>
<DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX108"></A>
Add the next character typed to the line verbatim.  This is
how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX109"></A>
<DT><CODE>tab-insert (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX110"></A>
Insert a tab character.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX111"></A>
<DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX112"></A>
Insert yourself.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX113"></A>
<DT><CODE>bracketed-paste-begin ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX114"></A>
This function is intended to be bound to the "bracketed paste" escape
sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is assigned by default.
It allows Readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating
each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.  The characters
are inserted as if each one was bound to <CODE>self-insert</CODE> instead of
executing any editing commands.
<P>

Bracketed paste sets the region (the characters between point and the mark)
to the inserted text. It uses the concept of an <EM>active mark</EM>: when the
mark is active, Readline redisplay uses the terminal's standout mode to
denote the region.
</P><P>

<A NAME="IDX115"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX116"></A>
Drag the character before the cursor forward over
the character at the cursor, moving the
cursor forward as well.  If the insertion point
is at the end of the line, then this
transposes the last two characters of the line.
Negative arguments have no effect.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX117"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX118"></A>
Drag the word before point past the word after point,
moving point past that word as well.
If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes
the last two words on the line.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX119"></A>
<DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX120"></A>
Uppercase the current (or following) word.  With a negative argument,
uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX121"></A>
<DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX122"></A>
Lowercase the current (or following) word.  With a negative argument,
lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX123"></A>
<DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX124"></A>
Capitalize the current (or following) word.  With a negative argument,
capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX125"></A>
<DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX126"></A>
Toggle overwrite mode.  With an explicit positive numeric argument,
switches to overwrite mode.  With an explicit non-positive numeric
argument, switches to insert mode.  This command affects only
<CODE>emacs</CODE> mode; <CODE>vi</CODE> mode does overwrite differently.
Each call to <CODE>readline()</CODE> starts in insert mode.
<P>

In overwrite mode, characters bound to <CODE>self-insert</CODE> replace
the text at point rather than pushing the text to the right.
Characters bound to <CODE>backward-delete-char</CODE> replace the character
before point with a space.
</P><P>

By default, this command is unbound.
</P><P>

</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Commands For Killing"></A>
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<H3> 1.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3>
<!--docid::SEC17::-->
<P>

<DL COMPACT>

<A NAME="IDX127"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX128"></A>
Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
With a negative numeric argument, kill backward from the cursor to the
beginning of the current line.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX129"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX130"></A>
Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
With a negative numeric argument, kill forward from the cursor to the
end of the current line.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX131"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX132"></A>
Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX133"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX134"></A>
Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
By default, this is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX135"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX136"></A>
Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX137"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX138"></A>
Kill the word behind point.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX139"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX140"></A>
Drag the word before point past the word after point,
moving point past that word as well.
If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes
the last two words on the line.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-forward-word</CODE> and
<CODE>shell-backward-word</CODE>.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX141"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX142"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX143"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX144"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
as the word boundaries.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX145"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX146"></A>
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.  By default, this is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX147"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX148"></A>
Kill the text in the current region.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX149"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX150"></A>
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked
right away.  By default, this command is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX151"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX152"></A>
Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX153"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX154"></A>
Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX155"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX156"></A>
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX157"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX158"></A>
Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top.  You can only do this if
the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>.
</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Numeric Arguments"></A>
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<H3> 1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3>
<!--docid::SEC18::-->
<DL COMPACT>

<A NAME="IDX159"></A>
<DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX160"></A>
Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
argument.  <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX161"></A>
<DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX162"></A>
This is another way to specify an argument.
If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
If the command is followed by digits, executing <CODE>universal-argument</CODE>
again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored.
As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a
character that is neither a digit nor minus sign, the argument count
for the next command is multiplied by four.
The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the
first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the
argument count sixteen, and so on.
By default, this is not bound to a key.
</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Commands For Completion"></A>
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<H3> 1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3>
<!--docid::SEC19::-->
<P>

<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX163"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX164"></A>
Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
The actual completion performed is application-specific.
The default is filename completion.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX165"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX166"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point.
When displaying completions, Readline sets the number of columns used
for display to the value of <CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>, the value of
the environment variable <CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>, or the screen width, in that order.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX167"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX168"></A>
Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX169"></A>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX170"></A>
Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed
with a single match from the list of possible completions.
Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list
of possible completions, inserting each match in turn.
At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung
(subject to the setting of <CODE>bell-style</CODE>)
and the original text is restored.
An argument of <VAR>n</VAR> moves <VAR>n</VAR> positions forward in the list
of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward
through the list.
This command is intended to be bound to <KBD>TAB</KBD>, but is unbound
by default.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX171"></A>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX172"></A>
Identical to <CODE>menu-complete</CODE>, but moves backward through the list
of possible completions, as if <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> had been given a
negative argument.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX173"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX174"></A>
Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>).
If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
<CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
This command is unbound by default.
<P>

</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Keyboard Macros"></A>
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<H3> 1.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3>
<!--docid::SEC20::-->
<DL COMPACT>

<A NAME="IDX175"></A>
<DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX176"></A>
Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX177"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX178"></A>
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and save the definition.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX179"></A>
<DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX180"></A>
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX181"></A>
<DT><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX182"></A>
Print the last keboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.
<P>

</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Miscellaneous Commands"></A>
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<H3> 1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3>
<!--docid::SEC21::-->
<DL COMPACT>

<A NAME="IDX183"></A>
<DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX184"></A>
Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate
any bindings or variable assignments found there.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX185"></A>
<DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX186"></A>
Abort the current editing command and
ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
<CODE>bell-style</CODE>).
<P>

<A NAME="IDX187"></A>
<DT><CODE>do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX188"></A>
If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is upper case, run the command
that is bound to the corresponding metafied lower case character.
The behavior is undefined if <VAR>x</VAR> is already lower case.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX189"></A>
<DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX190"></A>
Metafy the next character typed.  This is for keyboards
without a meta key.  Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing
<KBD>M-f</KBD>.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX191"></A>
<DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX192"></A>
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX193"></A>
<DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX194"></A>
Undo all changes made to this line.  This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE>
command enough times to get back to the beginning.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX195"></A>
<DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-~)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX196"></A>
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX197"></A>
<DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX198"></A>
Set the mark to the point.  If a
numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX199"></A>
<DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX200"></A>
Swap the point with the mark.  The current cursor position is set to
the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX201"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX202"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
character.  A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX203"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX204"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence
of that character.  A negative count searches for subsequent
occurrences.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX205"></A>
<DT><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX206"></A>
Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those
defined for keys like Home and End.  Such sequences begin with a
Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[.  If this sequence is
bound to "\e[", keys producing such sequences will have no effect
unless explicitly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting
stray characters into the editing buffer.  This is unbound by default,
but usually bound to ESC-[.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX207"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX208"></A>
Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:  if
the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value
of <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>, the value is inserted, otherwise
the characters in <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> are deleted from the beginning of
the line.
In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX209"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX210"></A>
Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
Readline output stream.  If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.  This command is unbound by default.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX211"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX212"></A>
Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
Readline output stream.  If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.  This command is unbound by default.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX213"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX214"></A>
Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.  If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.  This command is unbound by default.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX215"></A>
<DT><CODE>emacs-editing-mode (C-e)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX216"></A>
When in <CODE>vi</CODE> command mode, this causes a switch to <CODE>emacs</CODE>
editing mode.
<P>

<A NAME="IDX217"></A>
<DT><CODE>vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX218"></A>
When in <CODE>emacs</CODE> editing mode, this causes a switch to <CODE>vi</CODE>
editing mode.
<P>

</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Readline vi Mode"></A>
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<H2> 1.5 Readline vi Mode </H2>
<!--docid::SEC22::-->
<P>

While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE>
editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing
of the line.  The Readline <CODE>vi</CODE> mode behaves as specified in
the POSIX standard.
</P><P>

In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE>
editing modes, use the command <KBD>M-C-j</KBD> (bound to emacs-editing-mode
when in <CODE>vi</CODE> mode and to vi-editing-mode in <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode).
The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode.
</P><P>

When you enter a line in <CODE>vi</CODE> mode, you are already placed in
`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an <SAMP>`i'</SAMP>.  Pressing <KBD>ESC</KBD>
switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the
line with the standard <CODE>vi</CODE> movement keys, move to previous
history lines with <SAMP>`k'</SAMP> and subsequent lines with <SAMP>`j'</SAMP>, and
so forth.
</P><P>

<A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A>
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<H1> A. GNU Free Documentation License </H1>
<!--docid::SEC23::-->
<P>

<center>
 Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
</center>
</P><P>

<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=display><pre style="font-family: serif">Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<A HREF="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</A>

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

<OL>
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PREAMBLE
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<P>

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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<P>

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<LI>
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
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<P>

<LI>
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
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Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
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<P>

<LI>
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
<P>

<LI>
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
<P>

<LI>
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
<P>

<LI>
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
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<LI>
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
<P>

<LI>
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
<P>

<LI>
Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
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Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
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For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve
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<P>

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Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
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<LI>
Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
<P>

<LI>
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
<P>

<LI>
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
</OL>
<P>

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
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</P><P>

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
</P><P>

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
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The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
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<LI>
COMBINING DOCUMENTS
<P>

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
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list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
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</P><P>

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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</P><P>

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must delete all
sections Entitled "Endorsements."
</P><P>

<LI>
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
<P>

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
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You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
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other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</P><P>

<LI>
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
<P>

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
</P><P>

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
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Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
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</P><P>

<LI>
TRANSLATION
<P>

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
</P><P>

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
</P><P>

<LI>
TERMINATION
<P>

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
</P><P>

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
</P><P>

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
</P><P>

Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
not give you any rights to use it.
</P><P>

<LI>
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
<P>

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</A>.
</P><P>

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
Document.
</P><P>

<LI>
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<P>

"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
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public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
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site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
site.
</P><P>

"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
</P><P>

"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
</P><P>

An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
</P><P>

The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
</P><P>

</OL>
<P>

<A NAME="SEC24"></A>
<H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2>
<!--docid::SEC24::-->
<P>

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
</P><P>

<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=smallexample><FONT SIZE=-1><pre>  Copyright (C)  <VAR>year</VAR>  <VAR>your name</VAR>.
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  Free Documentation License''.
</FONT></pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the "with<small>...</small>Texts." line with this:
</P><P>

<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=smallexample><FONT SIZE=-1><pre>    with the Invariant Sections being <VAR>list their titles</VAR>, with
    the Front-Cover Texts being <VAR>list</VAR>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
    being <VAR>list</VAR>.
</FONT></pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
</P><P>

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
</P><P>

<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC_Contents"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Table of Contents</H1>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC1" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">1. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC2" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2">1.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC3" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3">1.2 Readline Interaction</A>
<BR>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC4" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4">1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC5" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5">1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC6" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6">1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC7" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7">1.2.4 Readline Arguments</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC8" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<A NAME="TOC9" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">1.3 Readline Init File</A>
<BR>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC10" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10">1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC11" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC12" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12">1.3.3 Sample Init File</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<A NAME="TOC13" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13">1.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC14" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14">1.4.1 Commands For Moving</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC15" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15">1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC16" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16">1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC17" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17">1.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC18" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18">1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC19" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19">1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC20" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20">1.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC21" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21">1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<A NAME="TOC22" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22">1.5 Readline vi Mode</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<A NAME="TOC23" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23">A. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<HR SIZE=1>
<A NAME="SEC_OVERVIEW"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Short Table of Contents</H1>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="TOC1" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">1. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC23" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23">A. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>

</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H1>About this document</H1>
This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 30  2020</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
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The buttons in the navigation panels have the following meaning:
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<table border = "1">
<TR>
<TH> Button </TH>
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<TH> Go to </TH>
<TH> From 1.2.3 go to</TH>
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where the <STRONG> Example </STRONG> assumes that the current position 
is at <STRONG> Subsubsection One-Two-Three </STRONG> of a document of 
the following structure:
<UL>
<LI> 1. Section One  </LI>
<UL>
<LI>1.1 Subsection One-One</LI>
<UL>
<LI> ... </LI>
</UL>
<LI>1.2 Subsection One-Two</LI>
<UL>
<LI>1.2.1 Subsubsection One-Two-One
</LI><LI>1.2.2 Subsubsection One-Two-Two
</LI><LI>1.2.3 Subsubsection One-Two-Three &nbsp; &nbsp; <STRONG>
&lt;== Current Position </STRONG>
</LI><LI>1.2.4 Subsubsection One-Two-Four
</LI></UL>
<LI>1.3 Subsection One-Three</LI>
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